General information, not medical advice
This page is educational and does not replace guidance from your licensed provider or pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change any medication or supplement without talking to them first.
Why it can happen
GLP-1 medications slow the rate at which the stomach empties and food moves through the gut. For some people that shows up as constipation, most often in the first weeks of treatment or after a dose change. It is one of the more common side effects listed in the prescribing information for these medications.
Constipation that is not addressed can become uncomfortable and, rarely, lead to complications, so it is worth acting early and telling your provider if it persists.
Everyday measures
General habits that many people find helpful. None of these replaces advice from your provider or pharmacist.
Fluids through the day
Sipping water regularly rather than drinking a large amount at once. Warm drinks in the morning are a common routine.
Fibre, added gradually
Fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Increasing fibre slowly and with fluids tends to be better tolerated; gas and bloating are common at first.
Movement
Regular light activity such as a daily walk. Activity supports normal bowel function.
A routine
Allowing time at the same point each day, and not ignoring the urge to go.
Options to raise with your provider or pharmacist
If everyday measures are not enough, over-the-counter products exist in several categories. Ask your provider or pharmacist which, if any, is appropriate for you and how to use it — this page does not give doses.
- Bulk-forming fibre supplements (for example psyllium or methylcellulose).
- Osmotic laxatives (for example polyethylene glycol).
- Stool softeners (for example docusate).
- Stimulant laxatives, which are generally intended for occasional rather than daily use.
Tell your provider before starting any new over-the-counter product, and mention every medication and supplement you already take.
Habits that may help
- Start the everyday measures when you start the medication rather than waiting for symptoms.
- Keep a simple note of bowel movements to spot patterns after dose changes.
- Do not ignore the urge to go.
When to contact your provider
Contact your provider if you have:
- No bowel movement for several days despite everyday measures.
- Constipation that keeps returning after dose changes.
- Abdominal pain, bloating, or distension that is getting worse.
- Vomiting, or an inability to pass gas.
- Blood in your stool.
For severe abdominal pain, chest pain, trouble breathing, signs of an allergic reaction, or confusion, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department.
References
- Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1232-1249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945360/
- Suares NC, Ford AC. Systematic review: the effects of fibre in the management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(8):895-901. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21332763/
- Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20 Suppl 1:5-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29364588/